学生受害者辩护律师

谁是受害者?

受害者是遭受直接或威胁身体伤害的人, 由于他人的行为而造成的情感或经济上的伤害, 这是一种犯罪.

受害类型

不正当的性行为 is an umbrella term that includes any non-consensual sexual activity that is committed by force or fear or mental or physical incapacitation, 包括通过使用酒精或毒品. Sexual misconduct can vary in its severity and consists of a range of behavior, 包括强奸, 法定强奸罪(与18岁以下的人发生性接触), 性接触, 性剥削, 性骚扰, and conduct suggestive of attempting to commit any of the aforementioned acts.

从事任何性活动，清楚 同意 必须给予.

强奸

• 强奸是对受害者阴道的性侵(无论多么轻微), 口, 或未经同意的直肠.
• 强奸涉及插入:
  • (a) the use of force/fear or the threat of force/fear; or
  • (b)与在其他情况下无能力给予同意的人, including situations w在这里 the individual is under the influence of alcohol or drugs and this condition was or should have reasonably been known to the accused.

性接触

• 性接触, 也被称为性暴力, is the act of making unwanted and sexually offensive contact (clothed or unclothed) with an intimate body part of another person or action, 哪一种情况会让人立即感到性接触即将发生.
• Intimate body parts include sexual organs, the anus, the groin, breasts or buttocks of any person. 性接触 includes situations in which the accused engages in the contacts described with a person who is incapable of giving 同意.

性剥削

• 性剥削是利用 non-同意ing person or situation for personal benefit or gratification or for the benefit of anyone other than the alleged victim; and the behavior does not constitute rape, 性接触或性骚扰. 性剥削包括但不限于:
  • Photographing or making audio or video recordings of sexual activity without 同意;
  • Dissemination of images or recordings without 同意 of the participant(s);
  • Allowing others to observe sexual activity without the knowledge or 同意 of the partner;
  • 偷窥癖;
  • Knowingly transmitting a sexually transmitted infection or HIV to another student;
  • Prostituting another person; and/or 
  • Giving alcohol or other drugs to another student with the intention of rending them incapable of giving 同意.

性骚扰

• 性骚扰 is any unwelcome sexual conduct or behavior that creates an intimidating, 充满敌意或冒犯性的工作或教育环境. 一个全面的禁止行为列表可以在 老虎的传说.

跟踪

• 禁止跟踪.
• 这是任性的, malicious and repeated following of a person or harassing behaviors against another person, 让人对自己的人身安全产生合理的恐惧, 或者他或她家人的安全.
  • 这包括使用便条、邮件、礼物、通信技术(如电子邮件).g. 语音信箱, 短信, internet and social networking sites - using any electronic or telecommunication is also known as cyber-stalking) to harass or convey a threat. This offense may also be treated as a type of sexual misconduct in certain situations.

物理攻击/电池

• 禁止身体攻击或殴打. It is to touch or strike a person against their will or to threaten violence against that person.

约会/关系/家庭暴力

• 禁止约会/恋爱/家庭暴力.
• 这种类型的暴力可能是情绪化的, 口头, 亲密伴侣的身体和/或性虐待, 约会中的家庭成员或聚会.

盗窃

• 盗窃 is the unlawful and unauthorized removal of any personal property for ones own use.

伤害威胁

• 传递威胁, 结果就是, 或者可能导致, 禁止以故意和故意的手段对任何人造成伤害.

For other types of crimes, please contact the Department of Public 安全 at 209.946.2537.

许多犯罪涉及对受害者使用武力或暴力. 犯罪的受害者可能会经历许多身体上的痛苦, 认知, 以及受害后的情绪反应. 对创伤的反应因人而异，可能持续数小时, 天, 周, 个月, 甚至是几年. 每个受害者的反应都会不同, and it is important to not use their reaction or lack t在这里of as a biase for judging the impact of their trauma. 

Here is a list of a few of the most common reactions a victim may experience.

物理的反应:

• 头痛
• 与压力有关的疾病，如恶心、腹泻和荨麻疹
• 做噩梦或睡眠困难
• 多动
• 嗜睡
• 食欲的变化
• 降低免疫力
• 酒精和药物依赖

认知反应

• 学术水平下降
• 健忘
• 无法集中注意力
• 博彩平台网址大全排名的记忆丢失
• 博彩平台网址大全排名的倒叙

情绪反应

• 愤怒或愤怒
• 恐怖
• 羞愧
• 内疚
• 悲伤
• 焦虑
• 抑郁症
• 情绪波动
• 情感麻木
• 不合群
• 无助感

在经历创伤性博彩平台网址大全排名后，这些反应被认为是正常的. 还有许多其他的反应没有列出.

你不必独自经历治愈过程. 如果你正在经历这些反应，请寻求帮助 咨询服务 (209.946.2315 x2).

防止受害

我们都可能成为犯罪的受害者，但我们也可以保护自己. 只需要几秒钟, 但即使是你也可能成为犯罪的受害者, 这会让你感到脆弱吗, 困惑, 身体受伤, 和/或精神上受到创伤. 

降低风险

Crimes can happen almost anyw在这里, at all times of day, and to just about anyone. While the criminal justice system plays a role in preventing victimization through police patrols, 邻里守望计划, 公众媒体宣传活动, 以及社区反帮派暴力项目, 你也是一个保护自己的好资源.

保护你的生活空间 & 车

这里有一些在家和车里保持安全的建议, 以及在这些地方保护你的贵重物品:

• 不要为别人开门，除非你在等他们.
• Don't sleep with windows open if they are easy to access from outside the house.
• 如果可能的话, install security cameras at your front and back doors to monitor activity around the house.
• 如果可能的话, install an alarm system and put a sign in your yard indicating that the house is monitored.
• Ensure that your entryways are well lit; consider using sensor lights that are activated by movement.
• Use peep holes on your doors so you can look outside without opening the door.
• 出门时锁好门窗.
• Leave lights on when you are not home; set timers on lights if you will be gone for extended periods of time.
• If you live in an apartment complex, do not buzz people in unless you know and are expecting them.
• Don't investigate loud noises (such as breaking glass) yourself; call the police to have them investigate.
• 避免在邮箱上使用全名.
• 随身携带一个手电，在黑暗的走廊里穿行.
• 锁好车门，把贵重物品放在车外.
• 开车时，确保门锁上，尤其是在红灯处.
• If someone hits your car, pull over to a safe place to assess the damage and keep your keys with you.

保护自己免受性侵犯

不幸的是, 大多数性侵犯都是由受害者认识的攻击者实施的, 包括朋友, 亲戚, 权威人物, 比如教授或工作主管. 保护自己最好的办法就是动动脑子. 是自信的. 确保你清楚地表达了你的欲望和限制.

• 在任何关系中，你都有权利设定性限制.
• 警惕那些让你感到不舒服的行为.
• 相信你的直觉.
  • 如果这种行为仍然存在，离开并确保没有人跟踪你.
    • 如果你被跟踪，去公共场所.
  • 如果你觉得你不能舒服地离开, alert someone who you trust to the situation and ask them to keep an eye on you.
• Avoid excessive use of alcohol and other drugs in situations w在这里 you don't know and trust everyone.
• 永远不要接受别人的饮料，除非你看到别人给你倒酒.
• 注意你周围的环境. 不要以为你总是安全的.
• 尽可能改变你的日常生活.
• 晚上尽量不要一个人走. 如有必要，请在光线充足的地方行走. 走路的速度要平稳，看上去要自信.
  • 如果你在学校，你可以要求公共安全部门的护送.
• 参加聚会时，使用伙伴制度.
• 如果你有危险, 尖叫, 制造噪音, 吹口哨, 或者制造任何你能想到的骚乱.
• 要意识到什么时候某人受到了太大的影响而不能给予同意.
• It is 从来没有 too late for someone to change their mind or say "no"; respect their right to do so.
• An individual's attire or behavior is 从来没有 the equivalent of co在这里nt, 口头 consetn.
• Always ask permission before pursuing any action that may be unwanted or unwelcome.
• 如果你觉得自己受影响太大，无法控制自己的行为, 把自己从这种情况中移开.
• 酒精和/或毒品的影响 从来没有 性侵犯或强奸的借口.